For instance, the assists conducted significantly more leadership in robotic surgery than in laparoscopic surgery. While there were no statistically significant differences between the degree to which robotic and non-robotic teams shared or perceived shared leadership, there were interesting role and leadership behavior type differences. Robotic surgical team members did not perceive a statistically significant difference in communication quality which may indicate that the impact of the closed console design may be relatively benign in this regard. The results of this research revealed very few modality-specific differences which may represent the adaptive nature of teams and individuals.
Teams were evaluated through video analysis of surgical procedures as well as questionnaire methods. Multiple methods were employed to study robotic and non-robotic (i.e., open and laparoscopic) surgical teams. This dissertation contributes to the human factors and teamwork literature by evaluating how surgical modality may influence communication, shared leadership, and team outcomes. Robotic surgery has been cited to be safer and more effective than traditional laparoscopic surgery however, little research has endeavored to investigate the role of surgical modality upon aspects of teamwork. Minimally-invasive surgery can be practiced through traditional laparoscopic methods as well as with robotic technology that displaces the surgeon from the operating table. The practice of delivering surgical care has evolved to be less invasive to the patients undergoing surgery.
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